IP Addressing and Routing

Explain RIP and OSPF routing algorithm.

RIP Routing Algorithm
  • RIP stands for Routing Information Protocol.
  • It is a standardized Distance Vector protocol, which is designed for smaller networks.
  • It is one of the first widely deployed routing protocols.
  • It is supported on a wide variety of systems.
  • This protocol uses a Bellman-Ford Distance Vector algorithm.
Characteristics of RIP
  • It supports IP and IPX routing.
  • It utilizes UDP port 520.
  • It has a maximum hop count of 15 hops.
  • RIP routes have an administrative distance of 120.
Advantages of RIP
  • It sends out periodic routing updates and tables at every 30 seconds.
  • It uses a form of distance as its metric, that is hop count.
  • It uses the Bellman-Ford Distance Vector algorithm to determine the best path to a particular destination.
Disadvantages of RIP
  • The network is restricted to 15 hops in order to solve the 'count to infinity' problem.
  • The periodic routing table consumes bandwidth and the convergence is slow.
OSPF Routing Algorithm
  • OSPF stands for Open Shortest Path First.
  • It was developed by the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).
  • It is used as a replacement to overcome the shortcomings of RIP in RFC 2328.
  • This routing algorithm is vendor independent.
  • It uses Dijkstra routing algorithm and utilizes Internet Protocol (IP).
  • OSPF routes have an administrative distance of 110.
  • The network is unrestricted, there is no limitation for hop count.
  • OSPF supports IPv4 and IPv6 network protocols.
Advantages of OSPF
  • OSPF is the highest performance open standard routing protocol.
  • It is a classless routing protocol.
  • It provides shortest path routing.
  • It is fast to fault-recovery and rerouting.
  • It consumes minimal link overhead when the network is in steady state.
  • It is a much more advanced routing protocol than any other Interior Gateway Protocol.
Disadvantages of OSPF
  • OSPF demands higher processing and memory requirement than RIP.
  • It consumes a large bandwidth at the initial link-state packet flooding.
Difference between RIP and OSPF

Sr. No.RIPOSPF
1.RIP is a Distance Vector Protocol.OSPF is a Link State Protocol.
2.It uses distance vector algorithm to calculate the best path.It uses the SPF algorithm to calculate the best path.
3.The networks are not divided in areas or tables.Routing is carried out in autonomous system, into areas, sub areas as well as backbone areas.
4.The metrics used in RIP is hop count.The metrics used in OSPF are bandwidth and delay.
5.Maximum hop count is 15.No hop count.