Practice Logical Reasoning questions on Cause and Effect, covering cause-effect relationships, identifying immediate and underlying causes, distinguishing causes from consequences, and determining which events logically explain given outcomes. Takes about 20–25 minutes and is useful for placement, TCS NQT, SSC, banking and MBA entrance exams.
Question 1
Statements:
I. The railway authority has installed better fencing along the track in the city.
II. The number of cattle-related accidents along the track has fallen.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Better fencing keeps cattle off the track, so there are fewer accidents. So I is the cause and II is its effect.
Question 2
Statements:
I. The Government has started a campaign to reduce plastic waste in the city by half in six months.
II. The amount of plastic waste in the city's drains has been rising rapidly.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The rapid increase in plastic waste must have alerted the Government to start a campaign to reduce it. So II is the cause and I is its effect.
Question 3
Statements:
I. The schools in the hill town have been closed for a week.
II. Many tourists have cancelled their trips to the hill town.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The closing of the schools and the cancelling of trips both indicate that something serious, such as heavy snowfall or landslides, has affected the town. So both are effects of a common cause.
Question 4
Statements:
I. Many people from the coastal villages have been shifted to safe shelters in the last two days.
II. The Government has sent food packets and medicines to the coastal areas.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Shifting people to safe shelters and sending food and medicines to the coastal areas both indicate that a cyclone or a flood has hit the area. So both are effects of a common cause.
Question 5
Statements:
I. The bank has raised the interest on its fixed deposits this month.
II. The post office has not changed the interest on its savings schemes.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The decision of the bank on its interest and the decision of the post office on its interest are taken separately by the two institutions. So both are effects of independent causes.
Question 6
Statements:
I. The private schools in the city have raised their fees by 30 per cent this year.
II. The government schools in the city have kept their fees unchanged.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The raising of fees in the private schools and the unchanged fees in the government schools seem to be matters decided separately by the managements of the two kinds of schools. So both are effects of independent causes.
Question 7
Statements:
I. The municipality has decided to buy water tankers for the town.
II. The wells of the town have gone dry this summer.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
When the wells have gone dry, the town needs another source of water, and tankers can supply it. So II is the cause and I is its effect.
Question 8
Statements:
I. There has been a sharp decline in the production of pulses this year.
II. The Government has decided to import pulses.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
A sharp decline in the production of pulses is bound to reduce the supply, and importing is a means of restoring it. So I is the cause and II is its effect.
Question 9
Statements:
I. The prices of onions in the local market have fallen sharply this month.
II. The farmers of the region harvested a bumper crop of onions this year.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
A bumper crop increases the supply of onions, and a larger supply brings down the prices. So II is the cause and I is its effect.
Question 10
Statements:
I. The Government has released a large stock of wheat from its godowns into the market.
II. The price of wheat flour has fallen in the past few weeks.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The increase in the supply of wheat in the market always brings down the price of wheat and of wheat flour. So I is the cause and II is its effect.
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