Practice Logical Reasoning questions on Cause and Effect, covering cause-effect relationships, identifying immediate and underlying causes, distinguishing causes from consequences, and determining which events logically explain given outcomes. Takes about 20–25 minutes and is useful for placement, TCS NQT, SSC, banking and MBA entrance exams.
Question 1
Statements:
I. The railway authority has installed better fencing along the track in the city.
II. The number of cattle-related accidents along the track has fallen.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Better fencing keeps cattle off the track, so there are fewer accidents. So I is the cause and II is its effect.
Question 2
Statements:
I. The Government has started a campaign to reduce plastic waste in the city by half in six months.
II. The amount of plastic waste in the city's drains has been rising rapidly.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The rapid increase in plastic waste must have alerted the Government to start a campaign to reduce it. So II is the cause and I is its effect.
Question 3
Statements:
I. The schools in the hill town have been closed for a week.
II. Many tourists have cancelled their trips to the hill town.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The closing of the schools and the cancelling of trips both indicate that something serious, such as heavy snowfall or landslides, has affected the town. So both are effects of a common cause.
Question 4
Statements:
I. Many people from the coastal villages have been shifted to safe shelters in the last two days.
II. The Government has sent food packets and medicines to the coastal areas.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Shifting people to safe shelters and sending food and medicines to the coastal areas both indicate that a cyclone or a flood has hit the area. So both are effects of a common cause.
Question 5
Statements:
I. The bank has raised the interest on its fixed deposits this month.
II. The post office has not changed the interest on its savings schemes.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The decision of the bank on its interest and the decision of the post office on its interest are taken separately by the two institutions. So both are effects of independent causes.
Question 6
Statements:
I. The private schools in the city have raised their fees by 30 per cent this year.
II. The government schools in the city have kept their fees unchanged.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The raising of fees in the private schools and the unchanged fees in the government schools seem to be matters decided separately by the managements of the two kinds of schools. So both are effects of independent causes.
Question 7
Statements:
I. The municipality has decided to buy water tankers for the town.
II. The wells of the town have gone dry this summer.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
When the wells have gone dry, the town needs another source of water, and tankers can supply it. So II is the cause and I is its effect.
Question 8
Statements:
I. There has been a sharp decline in the production of pulses this year.
II. The Government has decided to import pulses.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
A sharp decline in the production of pulses is bound to reduce the supply, and importing is a means of restoring it. So I is the cause and II is its effect.
Question 9
Statements:
I. The prices of onions in the local market have fallen sharply this month.
II. The farmers of the region harvested a bumper crop of onions this year.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
A bumper crop increases the supply of onions, and a larger supply brings down the prices. So II is the cause and I is its effect.
Question 10
Statements:
I. The Government has released a large stock of wheat from its godowns into the market.
II. The price of wheat flour has fallen in the past few weeks.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The increase in the supply of wheat in the market always brings down the price of wheat and of wheat flour. So I is the cause and II is its effect.
Question 11
Statements:
I. The state government has decided to publish the results of all restaurant hygiene inspections online.
II. Until now, people had no easy way to find out how clean the restaurants in their area were.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The lack of public access to hygiene information is the problem that the new online publication is meant to solve. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 12
Statements:
I. The railways have started sending SMS alerts about train delays to all ticket holders.
II. Passengers have long complained that they learnt about delays only after reaching the station.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The passengers' complaints about late information led the railways to start SMS alerts. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 13
Statements:
I. Many dairy farmers have stopped selling their milk to the village cooperative.
II. The cooperative has cut the price it pays farmers for milk from this month.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
A lower price for their milk has driven the farmers to stop selling to the cooperative. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 14
Statements:
I. Several taxi drivers have stopped accepting bookings through a ride app.
II. The app company raised its commission on every ride last week.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The higher commission cuts the drivers' earnings, which has made them stop using the app. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 15
Statements:
I. Students of the municipal schools did very well in this year's board examination.
II. Several teachers of the municipal schools have resigned to join private coaching centres.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Good results and teachers leaving for better-paid jobs are two separate developments, each with its own reason. So, both the statements are effects of independent causes.
Question 16
Statements:
I. The city's public library recorded its highest number of new members this year.
II. Many senior staff members of the public library retired this year.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
More people joining the library and staff reaching retirement age are unrelated events with separate causes. So, both the statements are effects of independent causes.
Question 17
Statements:
I. Cases of dengue in the town have fallen sharply this monsoon.
II. The district has received a new collector this year.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The fall in dengue cases and the posting of a new collector are separate events; neither causes the other. So, both the statements are effects of independent causes.
Question 18
Statements:
I. The number of accidents on the state highway has gone down this year.
II. A new shopping mall has opened near the state highway.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Fewer accidents and the opening of a mall are separate events that arise from different causes. So, both the statements are effects of independent causes.
Question 19
Statements:
I. The price of onions has risen sharply this month.
II. Unseasonal heavy rain destroyed a large part of the onion crop last month.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The loss of a large part of the crop reduced the supply of onions, which pushed up the price. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 20
Statements:
I. Unusually cold weather has damaged the tea gardens in the hills this winter.
II. The price of tea leaves has gone up in the wholesale market.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Damage to the tea gardens reduces the supply of tea leaves, which raises their price. So, statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
Question 21
Statements:
I. The village bank has stopped giving new loans to small traders.
II. Most of the bank's depositors have withdrawn their savings over the last two months.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
With most of the deposits withdrawn, the bank has no money left to lend. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 22
Statements:
I. A large number of members have withdrawn their deposits from the housing society's fund.
II. The housing society has postponed the repair of its buildings indefinitely.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The withdrawals have left the society without enough funds, so it had to postpone the repairs. So, statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
Question 23
Statements:
I. The workers of a leading car factory have announced a strike from next Monday.
II. The doctors of the government hospitals have called off their week-long protest.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
A strike at a car factory and the end of a doctors' protest are separate events, each with its own cause. So, both the statements are effects of independent causes.
Question 24
Statements:
I. Truck drivers in the state have begun an indefinite strike.
II. University teachers have ended their boycott of examination duty.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The truck drivers' strike and the teachers ending their boycott are unrelated events with separate causes. So, both the statements are effects of independent causes.
Question 25
Statements:
I. The police used tear gas to disperse a crowd outside the town hall.
II. A large crowd had gathered outside the town hall to protest against the closure of the town's only hospital.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The large protest gathering led the police to use tear gas to disperse it. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 26
Statements:
I. Thousands of workers marched towards the factory gate demanding their unpaid wages.
II. The police put up barricades on all roads leading to the factory.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The march of thousands of workers made the police put up barricades. So, statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
Question 27
Statements:
I. Most families in the new housing colony belong to the high-income group.
II. The sales of the colony's grocery store are much higher than those of stores in other areas.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Families with high incomes spend more, which explains the store's higher sales. So, statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
Question 28
Statements:
I. The luxury car showroom in the district reports record sales this year.
II. The district has the highest average household income in the state.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
High household incomes make it possible for more people to buy luxury cars. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 29
Statements:
I. School students today face heavy pressure from examinations, coaching classes and competition.
II. Cases of anxiety among school students are on the rise.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Constant pressure and competition lead to anxiety among students. So, statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
Question 30
Statements:
I. More and more people in big cities are suffering from sleep problems.
II. City life today involves long working hours and constant use of screens.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Long hours and heavy screen use disturb sleep, which leads to sleep problems. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 31
Statements:
I. The management has agreed to give all workers a 15% pay rise.
II. The workers had threatened to stop work if their demand for higher pay was not met.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The threat of a work stoppage made the management agree to the pay rise. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 32
Statements:
I. The workers' union has called off its threatened strike.
II. The management has accepted the union's demand for an annual bonus.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Once the demand for a bonus was accepted, the union had no reason to strike. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 33
Statements:
I. The city has started fining people who spit in public places.
II. Public places in the city have become noticeably cleaner in recent months.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Fines discourage people from spitting, which keeps public places cleaner. So, statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
Question 34
Statements:
I. The municipality has begun fining shopkeepers who dump waste on the road.
II. The streets of the market area are much cleaner than before.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The fines stop shopkeepers from dumping waste, so the streets stay cleaner. So, statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
Question 35
Statements:
I. The bursting of firecrackers was banned in the city during the festival season.
II. Air pollution in the city during the festival was much lower than last year.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Firecrackers are a major source of festival-time air pollution, so the ban lowered it. So, statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
Question 36
Statements:
I. The water of the lake has become much cleaner this year.
II. Factories near the lake have been banned from releasing their waste into it.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Stopping factory waste from entering the lake has made its water cleaner. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 37
Statements:
I. The price of diesel has risen sharply across the country.
II. Transport companies have raised their freight charges.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Diesel is the main running cost of transport, so its rise forces companies to charge more. So, statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
Question 38
Statements:
I. Bus fares in the state have been increased.
II. The price of diesel has gone up by ten rupees a litre.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Buses run on diesel, so the rise in its price has led to higher fares. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 39
Statements:
I. Banks have cut the interest rate on home loans.
II. The number of people applying for home loans has risen sharply.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Cheaper loans encourage more people to borrow to buy homes. So, statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
Question 40
Statements:
I. More families are buying cars this year.
II. Banks have reduced the interest rate on car loans.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Lower interest rates make car loans cheaper, so more families buy cars. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 41
Statements:
I. Sales of umbrellas and raincoats have gone up this week.
II. Many schools in the city have declared a holiday because of waterlogging.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Both point to the same cause: heavy rain in the city this week. So, both the statements are effects of some common cause.
Question 42
Statements:
I. Sales of woollen clothes have risen sharply in the city.
II. The demand for room heaters has gone up in the city.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Both are the result of the same cause: a spell of severe cold. So, both the statements are effects of some common cause.
Question 43
Statements:
I. A new law has raised the fine for jumping traffic signals tenfold.
II. Cases of signal jumping in the city have fallen sharply this year.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The much heavier fine discourages drivers from jumping signals. So, statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
Question 44
Statements:
I. The number of drivers caught using mobile phones while driving has dropped.
II. The penalty for using a mobile phone while driving has been sharply increased.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The heavier penalty discourages drivers from using their phones while driving. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 45
Statements:
I. The school introduced a daily yoga session for all its students.
II. Absence due to illness among the students has gone down.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Regular exercise improves health, so fewer students fall ill. So, statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
Question 46
Statements:
I. Employees of the firm are taking fewer days off due to illness.
II. The firm started providing free health check-ups and a gym for its employees.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Regular check-ups and exercise improve the employees' health, so they fall ill less often. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 47
Statements:
I. The only textile mill in the town was closed by a court order.
II. Hundreds of families in the town have lost their main source of income.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The mill was the main employer, so its closure took away many families' income. So, statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
Question 48
Statements:
I. Many shops near the old bus stand have shut down.
II. The city's bus stand was shifted to the outskirts.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
With the bus stand moved away, the shops lost the passengers who were their customers. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Question 49
Statements:
I. The company has introduced a bonus for every team that meets its monthly target.
II. Most teams in the company have met their targets this month.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
The bonus gives the teams a reason to work harder and meet their targets. So, statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.
Question 50
Statements:
I. The hospital nurses are willingly taking on extra shifts this month.
II. The hospital has raised the nurses' pay and improved their working conditions.

How are the two statements related?
A
Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect✓✗
B
Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect✓✗
C
Both the statements I and II are independent causes✓✗
D
Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes✓✗
E
Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause✓✗
Explanation
Better pay and conditions have encouraged the nurses to take on more work. So, statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
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