Practice Logical Reasoning questions on Logical Problems, covering condition-based puzzles, ordering and sequencing, relationships, arrangements, deductions, and multi-step logical situations. Takes about 20–25 minutes and is useful for placement, TCS NQT, SSC, banking and MBA entrance exams.
Question 1
At a shop, a pen costs Rs. 8, a marker costs Rs. 14 and a pencil costs Rs. 6. A pot of ink costs more than the pencil but less than the pen. How much does the ink cost?
Explanation
The ink costs more than the pencil, which costs Rs. 6, and less than the pen, which costs Rs. 8. So the ink costs Rs. 7.
Question 2
Four trees stand in a park. The oak is 12 metres tall, the fir is 14 metres tall and the pine is 18 metres tall. The elm is taller than the oak but shorter than the fir. Approximately how tall is the elm?
Explanation
The elm is taller than the oak, which is 12 metres, and shorter than the fir, which is 14 metres. So the elm is about 13 metres tall.
Question 3
Karan is visiting friends in Greenpark. His train leaves from the station tomorrow morning. Ravi lives 4 km from the station, Sunil lives 9 km and Tej lives 6 km. Uma lives farther from the station than Ravi, but closer than Tej. Approximately how far is Uma from the station?
Explanation
Uma lives farther away than Ravi, who is 4 km away, and closer than Tej, who is 6 km away. So Uma is about 5 km away.
Question 4
The company will promote the employee with the highest sales, but the top seller is on leave and cannot be promoted. Kavita sells more than Lata but less than Manoj. Nitin sells more than Manoj but less than Om. Om is on leave. Who will be promoted?
Explanation
Om sells the most but is on leave. Next in line is Nitin, who sells more than Manoj, Kavita and Lata.
Question 5
The club must choose a captain, who will be the oldest member willing to take the job. Mr. Eapen is older than Ms. Fazal but younger than Mr. Gupta. Ms. Hasan is older than Mr. Gupta but younger than Mr. Iyer. Mr. Iyer declines the job. Who will be the captain?
Explanation
Mr. Iyer is the oldest but declines. Next in line is Ms. Hasan, who is older than Mr. Gupta, Mr. Eapen and Ms. Fazal.
Question 6
The principal needs to appoint a new coordinator, which will be based on experience. Mr. Ahuja has less experience than Ms. Bose, but more than Ms. Chopra. Mr. Dutta has more experience than Mr. Ahuja, but less than Ms. Bose. Ms. Bose doesn't want the job. Who will be the new coordinator?
Explanation
Ms. Bose has the most experience, but she does not want the job. Next in line is Mr. Dutta, who has more experience than Mr. Ahuja or Ms. Chopra.
Question 7
Four boxes are being stacked, and the heaviest box must go at the bottom. Box W is 3 kg heavier than Box X. Box Y is 2 kg heavier than Box X. Box Z is 1 kg heavier than Box X. Which box goes at the bottom?
Explanation
Boxes W, Y and Z are 3 kg, 2 kg and 1 kg heavier than Box X. So Box W is the heaviest.
Question 8
Four cousins decided that the oldest cousin would choose first. Ravi is three months older than Sunil, who is two months younger than Tina. Uma is one month older than Sunil. Who should choose first?
Explanation
If Ravi is three months older than Sunil, then Tina is two months older than Sunil and Uma is one month older than Sunil. Ravi is the oldest.
Question 9
Four friends are sharing a cake. They decided that the youngest friend would get the extra slice. Mina is two months younger than Neel, who is five months older than Om. Piya is one month younger than Om. Who should get the extra slice?
Explanation
If Neel is five months older than Om, then Om is five months younger than Neel. Mina is two months younger than Neel, so Mina is older than Om. Piya is one month younger than Om, so Piya is six months younger than Neel. Piya is the youngest.
Question 10
The club will promote the member who has the most points and the longest membership. Ira has 40 points and has been a member for 3 years. Jay has more points than Ira, but fewer points than Kim, and has been a member for fewer years than Ira. Kim has 55 points and has been a member for 5 years. Lal has fewer points than Kim and has been a member for fewer years than Kim. Who will be promoted?
Explanation
Kim has more points than Ira (40), Jay and Lal, who each have fewer than 55. Kim has also been a member for 5 years, longer than Ira (3 years), Jay (fewer than 3) or Lal (fewer than 5). Therefore, Kim has the most points and the longest membership.
Question 11
The school will give a scholarship to the student who has the highest marks and the best attendance. Esha scored 88 and her attendance was 90%. Farah scored 92 and her attendance was better than Gita's. Gita scored 85 and her attendance was 95%. Hari scored 90 and his attendance was 92%. Who will get the scholarship?
Explanation
Farah has the highest marks, 92. Her attendance is better than Gita's 95%, which is better than Esha's 90% and Hari's 92%. Therefore, Farah has both the highest marks and the best attendance.
Question 12
One runner must be chosen for the district meet. The coach will choose the runner who has the fastest time and has run the most races. Anil ran 12.5 seconds and has run 6 races. Bala ran 12.1 seconds and has run more races than Chitra. Chitra ran 12.8 seconds and has run 9 races. Dev ran 12.4 seconds and has run 5 races. Who will be chosen?
Explanation
Bala has the fastest time, 12.1 seconds. Bala has also run more races than Chitra, who has run 9 races, which is more than Anil (6) or Dev (5). Therefore, Bala has both the fastest time and the most races.
Question 13
In a train compartment, Salim sat in berth 45. Tara sat in the berth to the right of Salim. Uday sat in the berth to the right of Tara. Vera sat to the right of Uday. Which berth is Vera in?
Explanation
Tara is to the right of Salim in berth 46, Uday is to the right of Tara in berth 47, and Vera is to the right of Uday in berth 48.
Question 14
At the concert, Omar sat in seat 62. Pia sat two seats to the right of Omar. Quin sat immediately to the left of Omar. Rohit sat immediately to the left of Quin. Which seat was Rohit in?
Explanation
Quin sat immediately to the left of Omar, so Quin's seat is 61. Rohit sat immediately to the left of Quin, so Rohit's seat is 60.
Question 15
In the cinema, Kavya sat in seat 118. Leena sat to the right of Kavya, in seat 119. Madhu sat to the left of Kavya. Nisha sat to the left of Madhu. Which seat was Nisha in?
Explanation
If Madhu is sitting at Kavya's left, Madhu's seat is 117. The next seat to the left, then, is 116.
Question 16
Rivertown is east of Sandy Bay.
Tarnside is north of Sandy Bay.
Rivertown is closer to Sandy Bay than Tarnside is.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Tarnside is north of Sandy Bay.
Rivertown is closer to Sandy Bay than Tarnside is.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
The first two statements give only the directions of Rivertown and Tarnside from Sandy Bay. Nothing is stated about the distances, so it is uncertain which is closer.
Question 17
Lakeside is south of Meadow.
Meadow is west of Northgate.
Northgate is southeast of Lakeside.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Meadow is west of Northgate.
Northgate is southeast of Lakeside.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Because the first two statements are true, Northgate is east of Meadow and Lakeside is south of Meadow. So Northgate is north and east of Lakeside, which is northeast, not southeast. Therefore, the third statement is false.
Question 18
Ashgrove is east of Brookfield.
Brookfield is south of Cedarton.
Cedarton is northwest of Ashgrove.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Brookfield is south of Cedarton.
Cedarton is northwest of Ashgrove.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Because the first two statements are true, Cedarton is north of Brookfield, and Ashgrove is east of Brookfield. So Cedarton is north and west of Ashgrove, which is northwest. Therefore, the third statement is true.
Question 19
Kal is faster than Lee and slower than Max.
Neil is slower than Max and faster than Lee.
Kal is faster than Neil.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Neil is slower than Max and faster than Lee.
Kal is faster than Neil.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Both Kal and Neil are faster than Lee and slower than Max, but nothing tells us which of the two is faster.
Question 20
Ria is richer than Sam and poorer than Tia.
Uma is poorer than Tia and richer than Ria.
Sam is poorer than Uma.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Uma is poorer than Tia and richer than Ria.
Sam is poorer than Uma.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Ria is richer than Sam, and Uma is richer than Ria. Therefore, Sam must be poorer than Uma.
Question 21
Ben is taller than Cal and shorter than Dan.
Eli is shorter than Dan and taller than Ben.
Cal is taller than Eli.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Eli is shorter than Dan and taller than Ben.
Cal is taller than Eli.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Ben is taller than Cal, and Eli is taller than Ben. Therefore, Cal must be shorter than Eli.
Question 22
Tank H holds more water than Tank J.
Tank J does not hold as much water as Tank K.
Tank J holds more water than Tank K.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Tank J does not hold as much water as Tank K.
Tank J holds more water than Tank K.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Tank K holds more than Tank J, so Tank J cannot hold more than Tank K. The third statement is false.
Question 23
Train P is faster than Train Q.
Train Q is not as fast as Train R.
Train Q is the slowest of the three.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Train Q is not as fast as Train R.
Train Q is the slowest of the three.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Both Train P and Train R are faster than Train Q, so Train Q is the slowest of the three.
Question 24
Lamp A burns longer than Lamp B.
Lamp B does not burn as long as Lamp C.
Lamp C burns longer than Lamp A.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Lamp B does not burn as long as Lamp C.
Lamp C burns longer than Lamp A.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
The first two statements indicate that Lamp B burns for the shortest time, but it cannot be determined if Lamp C burns longer than Lamp A.
Question 25
Gopal sits behind Hema.
Indu sits behind Hema.
Gopal sits behind Indu.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Indu sits behind Hema.
Gopal sits behind Indu.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Both Gopal and Indu sit behind Hema, but it cannot be determined whether Gopal sits behind Indu.
Question 26
Sheela lives on a higher floor than Tara.
Tara lives on a higher floor than Uma.
Sheela lives on a higher floor than Uma.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Tara lives on a higher floor than Uma.
Sheela lives on a higher floor than Uma.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Sheela lives higher than Tara, who lives higher than Uma. So Sheela lives on a higher floor than Uma.
Question 27
Priya stands in front of Qadir.
Qadir stands in front of Ravi.
Ravi stands in front of Priya.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Qadir stands in front of Ravi.
Ravi stands in front of Priya.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Given the first two statements, Priya is in front of both Qadir and Ravi, so Ravi cannot be in front of Priya. The third statement must be false.
Question 28
Tea costs more than coffee but less than cocoa.
Coffee costs more than milk but less than juice.
Juice costs more than tea.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Coffee costs more than milk but less than juice.
Juice costs more than tea.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Both tea and juice cost more than coffee, but nothing in the statements tells us how tea and juice compare.
Question 29
Tea costs more than coffee but less than cocoa.
Coffee costs more than milk but less than juice.
Of the five drinks, milk costs the most.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Coffee costs more than milk but less than juice.
Of the five drinks, milk costs the most.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Milk costs less than coffee, and coffee costs less than both tea and juice. So milk costs the least, not the most.
Question 30
Dal costs more than rice but less than ghee.
Rice costs more than salt but less than sugar.
Of the five items, salt costs the least.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Rice costs more than salt but less than sugar.
Of the five items, salt costs the least.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
From the first statement, ghee costs more than dal and dal costs more than rice. From the second statement, rice costs more than salt and less than sugar. Therefore, salt costs the least of the five.
Question 31
All the members of the club play chess.
Some chess players play cricket.
All the members of the club play cricket.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Some chess players play cricket.
All the members of the club play cricket.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
The members all play chess, but only some chess players play cricket. We cannot tell whether the members are among the chess players who play cricket.
Question 32
All the buses on Route 5 are air-conditioned.
No air-conditioned bus is crowded.
Some of the buses on Route 5 are crowded.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
No air-conditioned bus is crowded.
Some of the buses on Route 5 are crowded.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Every bus on Route 5 is air-conditioned, and no air-conditioned bus is crowded, so none of the buses on Route 5 is crowded.
Question 33
All the rooms in the hostel have fans.
No fan in the hostel is broken.
None of the rooms in the hostel has a broken fan.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
No fan in the hostel is broken.
None of the rooms in the hostel has a broken fan.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
If no fan in the hostel is broken and all the rooms have fans, then none of the rooms has a broken fan.
Question 34
Rita is taller than Sita.
Rita is taller than Tina.
Of the three girls, Sita is the shortest.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Rita is taller than Tina.
Of the three girls, Sita is the shortest.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
The first two statements show that Rita is the tallest, but they do not say whether Sita or Tina is shorter.
Question 35
Box A is heavier than Box B.
Box C is heavier than Box A.
Of the three boxes, Box B is the heaviest.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Box C is heavier than Box A.
Of the three boxes, Box B is the heaviest.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Box C is heavier than Box A, which is heavier than Box B. So Box B is the lightest, not the heaviest.
Question 36
Pen X is longer than Pen Y.
Pen Y is longer than Pen Z.
Of the three pens, Pen Z is the shortest.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Pen Y is longer than Pen Z.
Of the three pens, Pen Z is the shortest.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
According to the first two statements, Pen X is the longest and Pen Z is the shortest.
Question 37
Hari earns less than Ira.
Ira earns less than Jay.
Hari earns more than Jay.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Ira earns less than Jay.
Hari earns more than Jay.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Jay earns more than Ira, who earns more than Hari. So Hari earns the least, and Hari cannot earn more than Jay.
Question 38
Tom ran farther than Sam.
Sam ran farther than Uma.
Tom ran farther than Uma.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Sam ran farther than Uma.
Tom ran farther than Uma.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Tom ran farther than Sam, who ran farther than Uma. So Tom ran farther than Uma.
Question 39
Anita read more books than Bela.
Chitra read more books than Bela.
Chitra read more books than Anita.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Chitra read more books than Bela.
Chitra read more books than Anita.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Because the first two statements are true, both Anita and Chitra read more books than Bela. However, it is uncertain whether Chitra read more books than Anita.
Question 40
All the shirts in the cupboard are blue.
All the trousers in the cupboard are black.
There is a red shirt in the cupboard.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
All the trousers in the cupboard are black.
There is a red shirt in the cupboard.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Every shirt in the cupboard is blue, so there cannot be a red shirt in the cupboard.
Question 41
All the drawers in the desk are locked.
The top drawer is one of the drawers in the desk.
The top drawer is locked.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
The top drawer is one of the drawers in the desk.
The top drawer is locked.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
Every drawer in the desk is locked and the top drawer is one of the drawers in the desk, so the top drawer must be locked.
Question 42
All the roses in Meena's shop are red.
All the lilies in Meena's shop are pink.
All the flowers in Meena's shop are either red or pink.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
All the lilies in Meena's shop are pink.
All the flowers in Meena's shop are either red or pink.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
The first two statements give information about the roses and the lilies. Information about any other kinds of flowers cannot be determined.
Question 43
The red bus is slower than the blue bus.
The green bus is faster than the blue bus.
The green bus is slower than the red bus.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
The green bus is faster than the blue bus.
The green bus is slower than the red bus.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
The green bus is faster than the blue bus, which is faster than the red bus. So the green bus is faster than the red bus, and the third statement cannot be true.
Question 44
Library A has more books than Library B.
Library C has more books than Library B.
Library A has more books than Library C.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Library C has more books than Library B.
Library A has more books than Library C.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
The first two statements tell you that Library B has the fewest books, but they do not say how Library A and Library C compare.
Question 45
The Hilltop Bakery sells more loaves than the Corner Bakery.
The Main Street Bakery sells fewer loaves than the Corner Bakery.
The Hilltop Bakery sells more loaves than the Main Street Bakery.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
The Main Street Bakery sells fewer loaves than the Corner Bakery.
The Hilltop Bakery sells more loaves than the Main Street Bakery.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Explanation
From the first two statements, the Hilltop Bakery sells more than the Corner Bakery, which sells more than the Main Street Bakery. So the Hilltop Bakery sells the most and more than the Main Street Bakery.
Question 46
Of the six cities,
A. Delhi is bigger than Bangalore
B. Kolkata is bigger than Hyderabad
C. Mumbai is not as big as Kolkata but is bigger than Bangalore
D. Bangalore is smaller than Hyderabad but bigger than Pune.
Which city is the smallest ?
A. Delhi is bigger than Bangalore
B. Kolkata is bigger than Hyderabad
C. Mumbai is not as big as Kolkata but is bigger than Bangalore
D. Bangalore is smaller than Hyderabad but bigger than Pune.
Which city is the smallest ?
Explanation
From the conditions: Delhi > Bangalore, Kolkata > Hyderabad, Kolkata > Mumbai > Bangalore and Hyderabad > Bangalore > Pune.
Bangalore is bigger than Pune, and everyone else is bigger than Bangalore, so Pune is the smallest.
Bangalore is bigger than Pune, and everyone else is bigger than Bangalore, so Pune is the smallest.
Question 47
If 'Pink' is called 'Orange', 'Orange' is called 'Blue', 'Blue' is called 'Red', 'Red' is called 'Green', 'Green' is called 'Black' and 'Black' is called 'white', what would be the color of human blood ?
Explanation
The colour of human blood is red. In this code, 'Red' is called 'Green', so the answer is Green.
Question 48
A man has a job which requires him to work 8 straight days and rest on the ninth day. If he started work on a Monday, the 12th time he rests will be on what day of the week?
Explanation
Each work-rest cycle is 9 days. The 12th rest day is day 108 overall (12x9). Day 1=Monday, so day 108 has offset (108-1) mod 7=2 days after Monday, which is Wednesday.
Question 49
At an enquiry office at a railway station, a passenger was told, "A train for Delhi left 15 minutes ago, but after every 45 minutes a train leaves for Delhi. The next train will leave at 8:30 pm." At what time was this information given to the passenger?
Explanation
The train that already left was at 8:30pm-45min=7:45pm. Since that train left 15 minutes before the information was given, the information was given at 7:45pm+15min=8:00pm.
Question 50
Put + or - sign between the numbers to obtain the given result: 40 __ 10 __ 10 __ 60 __ 2 = 98
Explanation
Applying - + + - : 40 - 10 + 10 + 60 - 2 = 98, which matches the required result.
Question 51
A bus is hired at the rate of Rs.320 per day for a picnic. Since some people did not turn up, the average contribution was Rs.48 more per person per day than expected. How many people were expected, and how many turned up?
Explanation
Let the expected number of people be n and the number who turned up be m. Expected per-person share = 320n, actual per-person share = 320m, and the difference is Rs.48. Testing n=10, m=4: 3204 - 32010 = 80 - 32 = 48, which matches. So, 10 people were expected and 4 turned up.
Question 52
Put + or - between the numbers to obtain the given result: 7 3 12 13 9 = 14
Explanation
Using - - + +: 7 - 3 - 12 + 13 + 9 = 4 - 12 + 13 + 9 = -8 + 13 + 9 = 5 + 9 = 14.
Question 53
Find out the missing figure. If 8 - 9 = 503, 6 - 5 = 211, then 7 - 4 = ?
Explanation
The hidden rule is a3 - b: 83 - 9 = 512 - 9 = 503. 63 - 5 = 216 - 5 = 211. So, 73 - 4 = 343 - 4 = 339.
Question 54
Find out the missing figure. If 20 × 2 = 20, 25 × 4 = 50, then 30 × 8 = ?
Explanation
The hidden rule is a × (b ÷ 2): 20 × (2 ÷ 2) = 20 × 1 = 20. 25 × (4 ÷ 2) = 25 × 2 = 50. So, 30 × (8 ÷ 2) = 30 × 4 = 120.
