Practice Logical Reasoning questions on Statement and Assumption, covering implicit assumptions, conclusions, supporting ideas, and identifying whether an assumption is logically necessary for a given statement or argument. Takes about 20–25 minutes and is useful for placement, TCS NQT, SSC, banking and MBA entrance exams.
Question 1
Statement: "Give your hair strength and shine with W oil." - An advertisement.

Assumptions:
I. People want strong and shiny hair.
II. Oil is used to look after hair.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
An advertisement highlights a result that customers want, so I is implicit. The advertisement is for an oil that is used on the hair, so II is also implicit.
Question 2
Statement: "Keep your family healthy with pure and fresh Z juice." - An advertisement.

Assumptions:
I. People want their family to stay healthy.
II. Pure and fresh juice is considered healthy.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The advertisement appeals to a wish that people have, so I is implicit. It also links pure and fresh juice with health, so II is implicit too.
Question 3
Statement: "Enjoy a stress-free journey with the safe and comfortable Y bus service." - An advertisement.

Assumptions:
I. The Y bus service is better than every other bus service.
II. A stress-free journey is desirable.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The advertisement mentions good qualities of the Y bus service, but this does not mean that it is the best, so I is not implicit. An advertisement highlights a feature that customers want, so II is implicit.
Question 4
Statement: "Drink milk every morning to grow tall and strong."

Assumptions:
I. Only milk makes people tall.
II. Everybody drinks milk in the evening.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The statement advises drinking milk, but it does not say that only milk makes people tall, and it says nothing about drinking milk in the evening. So neither I nor II is implicit.
Question 5
Statement: "Our shoes give comfort to your feet and last for years."

Assumptions:
I. All other shoes are uncomfortable.
II. People wear shoes only for comfort.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The statement only describes the shoes of one brand. It says nothing about other shoes or about the only reason for wearing shoes. So neither I nor II is implicit.
Question 6
Statement: "Calcium tablets strengthen your bones and help you stay active."

Assumptions:
I. People want strong bones.
II. Bones become weak when there is not enough calcium.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
Only a good feature that people want is highlighted, so I is implicit. Calcium strengthens bones, which means they become weak without it. So II is also implicit.
Question 7
Statement: The police have advised people to avoid the old bridge as it is damaged.

Assumptions:
I. People will prefer to use a damaged bridge.
II. The old bridge will be repaired within a week.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The advice is to avoid the bridge, so it is not assumed that people will prefer to use it. Nothing is said about repairs or about when they will be done. So neither I nor II is implicit.
Question 8
Statement: The municipality has advised the citizens to store water in advance as the supply will be stopped for two days for repairs.

Assumptions:
I. Citizens can store water.
II. The water supply may resume after the repairs.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The advice is to store water, which means that people are able to store it. So I is implicit. The supply is stopped for repairs, which means that it is expected to resume afterwards. So II is also implicit.
Question 9
Statement: The health department has advised the residents to boil their drinking water as many people are suffering from jaundice.

Assumptions:
I. The residents will ignore the advice as they have other work to do.
II. Boiling the water makes it safe to drink.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The advice is to boil water because boiling makes it safe, so II is implicit. An advice is given on the assumption that it will be followed, so I is not implicit.
Question 10
Statement: Unless the rules are made stricter, plastic bags cannot be banned.

Assumptions:
I. Stricter rules can be made.
II. Plastic bags should not be banned.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The statement says stricter rules are needed to ban plastic bags, so it must be possible to make stricter rules. So I is implicit. The statement talks about banning plastic bags as a goal, so II is not implicit.
Question 11
Statement: Without improving the water supply, the village cannot grow more crops.

Assumptions:
I. The water supply can be improved.
II. Crops need water.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The statement names an improved water supply as the way to grow more crops, so it must be possible to improve it. So I is implicit. The statement links water to crops, which shows that crops need water. So II is also implicit.
Question 12
Statement: Unless the road is widened, the traffic jams in the town cannot be reduced.

Assumptions:
I. Traffic jams are desirable.
II. The road can be widened.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The statement talks about reducing traffic jams, which means that they are undesirable. So I is not implicit. The statement mentions widening the road as the remedy, so it must be possible to widen it. So II is implicit.
Question 13
Statement: "Please switch off your mobile phones." - A notice at a theatre.

Assumptions:
I. All the visitors carry mobile phones.
II. Mobile phones disturb the audience.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The notice asks visitors to switch off their phones because phones disturb the audience, so II is implicit. It does not mean that all visitors carry phones. So I is not implicit.
Question 14
Statement: "Beware of dogs." - A board at a gate.

Assumptions:
I. All the visitors are afraid of dogs.
II. The dogs will bite every visitor.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The board warns visitors that there are dogs. It does not say that all visitors are afraid of dogs or that the dogs bite everyone. So neither I nor II is implicit.
Question 15
Statement: "Silence, examination in progress." - A notice outside a hall.

Assumptions:
I. People passing by may read the notice.
II. People will keep quiet after reading the notice.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
Any notice is displayed on the assumption that people will read it, so I is implicit. The notice is displayed because it is expected to make people keep quiet. So II is also implicit.
Question 16
Statement: "Best Tutorials - experienced teachers, small batches and regular tests." - An advertisement.

Assumptions:
I. All other coaching institutes have inexperienced teachers.
II. Students cannot pass their examinations without coaching.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The advertisement only mentions the features of Best Tutorials. It does not say anything about other institutes or about whether coaching is a must. So neither I nor II is implicit.
Question 17
Statement: "Glow Soap - soft on the skin, long-lasting and fragrant." - An advertisement.

Assumptions:
I. Glow Soap is the cheapest soap.
II. People buy only the cheapest soap.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The advertisement describes the qualities of the soap and says nothing about its price or about how people choose a soap. So neither I nor II is implicit.
Question 18
Statement: "Sunrise Tea - rich in taste, fresh and fragrant." - An advertisement.

Assumptions:
I. No other tea has a rich taste.
II. People will buy tea only from Sunrise.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The advertisement only gives the good qualities of Sunrise Tea. It says nothing about other teas or about people buying only this tea. So neither I nor II is implicit.
Question 19
Statement: The examination, which was fixed for Monday, has been postponed by one week because of the floods.

Assumptions:
I. The floods may have disturbed the arrangements for the examination.
II. The examination may be held on the following Monday.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The floods are given as the reason for postponing the examination, so they must have disturbed the arrangements. So I is implicit. A postponement of one week from Monday means the examination is expected on the following Monday. So II is also implicit.
Question 20
Statement: Sunita started on Thursday morning by car to attend a meeting in Pune on Thursday evening.

Assumptions:
I. Sunita may reach Pune on the same day.
II. Sunita may reach Pune on the next day.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
She left in the morning to attend a meeting the same evening, so she must expect to reach Pune on Thursday. So I is implicit. Reaching the next day would make her miss the meeting. So II is not implicit.
Question 21
Statement: Rekha left on Monday by bus to attend a wedding in Jaipur on Saturday.

Assumptions:
I. Rekha may reach Jaipur on Tuesday.
II. Rekha may reach Jaipur before Saturday.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
Clearly, it cannot be deduced on which day Rekha would reach Jaipur, so I is not implicit. But she left to attend a wedding on Saturday, so she must have planned to reach Jaipur before Saturday. Thus, only II is implicit.
Question 22
Statement: "Since you want to improve your English, join the evening class at the city library." - A friend tells Dev.

Assumptions:
I. Dev wants to improve his English.
II. The evening class helps people improve their English.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The word "since" states that Dev wants to improve his English, so I is implicit. The advice to join the class assumes that it helps improve English. So II is also implicit.
Question 23
Statement: "If you want fresh fruit, buy it from the market near the station." - A mother tells her son.

Assumptions:
I. The market near the station sells fruit.
II. The son wants to buy fruit.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The mother tells the son where to buy fruit, so the market near the station must sell fruit. I is implicit. The word "if" shows that the son may or may not want fruit, so II is not implicit.
Question 24
Statement: "If you want to sell your car quickly, display it on the busiest road in the city." - A tells B.

Assumptions:
I. B wants to sell his car.
II. A busy road is seen by many people.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The word "if" shows that B may or may not want to sell his car, so I is not implicit. The advice is to display the car on the busiest road, which means that many people will see it there. So II is implicit.
Question 25
Statement: "This brand of paint lasts longer than the others, so buy it." - A painter tells a householder.

Assumptions:
I. The painter earns a commission on every tin of that brand.
II. Householders prefer paint that lasts longer.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The painter gives long life as the reason for buying, so he assumes that householders prefer paint that lasts longer. So II is implicit. Nothing is said about a commission, so I is not implicit.
Question 26
Statement: "Take the morning train, as it reaches the city before the offices open." - A friend tells Ravi.

Assumptions:
I. Ravi needs to be in the city before the offices open.
II. Ravi will normally follow his friend's advice.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The friend gives the arrival time as the reason for the advice, so Ravi must need to reach the city early. So I is implicit. Advice is given on the assumption that it may be followed. So II is also implicit.
Question 27
Statement: "Out of these three phones, buy Model Z, which alone has a two-year warranty." - A salesman tells a customer.

Assumptions:
I. Customers consider a warranty to be valuable.
II. The customer will definitely buy Model Z.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The salesman gives the warranty as the reason for buying Model Z, so he assumes that customers value a warranty. I is implicit. He only advises the customer; it is not assumed that the customer will definitely buy it. So II is not implicit.
Question 28
Statement: The council should allot the market stalls by a draw of lots and not in the order in which the applications arrive.

Assumptions:
I. All the applicants will accept the result of the draw.
II. The order in which applications arrive is the best way to allot the stalls.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The council prefers a draw of lots to the order of arrival, so II, which says the order of arrival is the best way, is the opposite of what is stated. Nothing in the statement shows that every applicant will accept the draw. So neither assumption is implicit.
Question 29
Statement: The company should choose its team leaders on the basis of their results and not on the basis of their age.

Assumptions:
I. Age alone does not make a person a good leader.
II. Everyone in the company wants to become a team leader.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The statement prefers results to age, so age alone is not a sign of leadership. I is implicit. Nothing in the statement says that everyone wants to be a team leader. So II is not implicit.
Question 30
Statement: The school should award the scholarship on the basis of marks alone and not on the basis of the reputation of the student's family.

Assumptions:
I. The reputation of a student's family does not reflect the student's ability.
II. Marks can be measured and compared.

Which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement?
A
Only assumption I is implicit✓✗
B
Only assumption II is implicit✓✗
C
Either I or II is implicit✓✗
D
Neither I nor II is implicit✓✗
E
Both I and II are implicit✓✗
Explanation
The statement prefers marks to family reputation, which means that family reputation is not a sign of ability. So I is implicit. Marks could not be used to decide who gets the scholarship unless they can be measured and compared. So II is also implicit.
Question 31
Russia's aggressive fishing in the prime fishing grounds of the Northern Pacific has led to a sharp decline in the populations of many fish and a general increase in the retail price of fish. This same pattern has occurred with far too many of our scarce vital natural resources, resulting in high prices for many products. It is likely, then, that fish prices will continue to rise in the near future. In making the argument above, the author relies on all of the following assumptions EXCEPT:
A
The scarcity of fish is a determining factor in its price.✓✗
B
There will not be any substantial decrease in other costs involved in the fishing process that could keep the price of fish from increasing.✓✗
C
Fish populations will not recover in the near future.✓✗
D
Fishing practices can substantially influence the demand for fish.✓✗
Explanation
The argument is built entirely on a supply-side scarcity mechanism (less fish -> higher prices). It never relies on fishing practices affecting demand, making option 4 the one assumption NOT relied upon.
Question 32
Testifying before the Senate committee investigating charges that cigarette manufacturers had manipulated nicotine levels in cigarettes in order to addict consumers to their products, tobacco executives argued that cigarette smoking is not addictive. The primary reason they gave in support of this claim was that cigarette smoking was not regulated by the Federal Drug Administration. For the tobacco executives' argument to be logically correct, which of the following must be assumed?
A
Substances that are not addictive are not regulated by the Federal Drug Administration.✓✗
B
Some addictive substances are not regulated by the Federal Drug Administration.✓✗
C
There is no scientific proof that cigarette smoking is addictive.✓✗
D
Substances that are not regulated by the Federal Drug Administration are not addictive.✓✗
Explanation
The executives' argument moves from "not regulated by the FDA" to "not addictive." This inference is only valid if non-regulation implies non-addictiveness, which is exactly the assumption in option 4.
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