Statement and Conclusion Practice Test Questions - Logical Reasoning -- Free Practice

Question 1

Assume that there are three statements followed by several conclusions. You have to take the given statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly-known facts and then decide which of the given conclusion/s logically follows.

Statements : I. All Pens are Tables
II. Some tables are rulers.
III. Some rulers are chalk.

Conclusion : I. Some tables are chalk.
II. Some pens are chalk.
III. Some rulers are pens.
IV. Some chalk are rulers

A

Only IV follows✓✗

B

Only II and I follows.✓✗

C

Only III follows.✓✗

D

Only I, II and III follows✓✗

Explanation

Only conclusion IV follows, because 'Some rulers are chalk' can be reversed to 'Some chalk are rulers'. Conclusions I, II and III need links between tables and chalk, pens and chalk, and rulers and pens, which the statements do not give.

Option B is wrong because conclusions I and II need links between tables and chalk and between pens and chalk, but two 'some' statements in a row give no such link.
Option C is wrong because conclusion III is not certain, since the tables that are rulers need not be pens.
Option D is wrong because conclusions I, II and III all rely on links that the statements do not provide.

Question 2

Assume the given statements are true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts, then decide which of the given conclusion/s logically follows.
Statements :
I. Some cars can fly
II. Rama is a car.

Conclusion :
I. Rama can fly
II. Rama cannot fly
III. Rama can dance
IV. Rama can swim

A

Only I follows✓✗

B

Either I or II follows✓✗

C

Only III follows✓✗

D

All I, II, III and IV follow✓✗

Explanation

Some cars can fly and Rama is a car, but it is not stated that Rama is one of the cars that fly. So Rama either can fly or cannot fly, and exactly one of these two is true. Hence either I or II follows. Conclusions III and IV have no connection with the given statements.

Option A is wrong because conclusion I alone is not certain, since Rama may be a car that cannot fly.
Option C is wrong because conclusion III (Rama can dance) has no link with the statements.
Option D is wrong because conclusions I and II contradict each other, and III and IV have no basis, so all four cannot follow.

Question 3

In the following question, a statement/group of statements is given followed by some conclusions. Without resolving anything yourself, choose the conclusion which logically follows from the statement(s).

Statement - All beggars are not poor.

A

Some beggars may not be poor.✓✗

B

If A is not rich, then A is not a beggar.✓✗

C

All those who are poor are beggars.✓✗

D

If A is rich, then A is not a beggar.✓✗

Explanation

The statement "All beggars are not poor" means that some beggars may not be poor. The other conclusions are not stated or do not follow.

Question 4

In the following question, a statement/group of statements is given followed by some conclusions. Without resolving anything yourself, choose the conclusion which logically follows from the statement(s).

Statement - Many creative persons become painter.

A

Some painters are creative persons.✓✗

B

A creative person will surely become painter.✓✗

C

It is not possible to become artist without creativity.✓✗

D

A high level of creativity is not needed to become a painter.✓✗

Explanation

The statement says that many creative persons become painters, so some painters are creative persons.

Question 5

In the following question, a statement/group of statements is given followed by some conclusions. Without resolving anything yourself, choose the conclusion which logically follows from the statement(s).

Statement - Most articles in the shop are expensive.

A

There are no cheap articles available in that shop.✓✗

B

Handmade articles in that shop are cheap.✓✗

C

There are cheap articles also in that shop.✓✗

D

Handmade articles in the shop are expensive.✓✗

Explanation

The statement says that most articles in the shop are expensive, so some articles are not expensive. Hence there are cheap articles in that shop.

Question 6

In the following question, a statement/group of statements is given followed by some conclusions. Without resolving anything yourself, choose the conclusion which logically follows from the statement(s).

Most celebrities like Amar are liars.

A

Amar is a celebrity.✓✗

B

Those who do not tell lies are not celebrities.✓✗

C

Some celebrities do not tell lies.✓✗

D

You can only become a celebrity by telling lies.✓✗

Explanation

The statement speaks of "celebrities like Amar", which means Amar is a celebrity. The other conclusions are not stated.

Question 7

In the following question, a statement/group of statements is given followed by some conclusions. Without resolving anything yourself, choose the conclusion which logically follows from the statement(s).

A man our village has two wives. No one else in the village has two wives.

A

All men in the village have one wife.✓✗

B

Every man in the village is married.✓✗

C

Some of the men in the village are unmarried.✓✗

D

Only one man in the village married twice.✓✗

Explanation

One man in the village has two wives, and no one else has two wives. So only one man in the village has married twice.

Question 8

In the following question, a statement/group of statements is given followed by some conclusions. Without resolving anything yourself, choose the conclusion which logically follows from the statement(s).

Every museum displays interesting pieces.

A

Interesting pieces are only in the museum.✓✗

B

Museums were meant for artefacts only.✓✗

C

No museum is without display pieces.✓✗

D

Some museums have no visitors.✓✗

Explanation

Every museum displays interesting pieces, so there is no museum without display pieces. The other conclusions bring in ideas that are not in the statement.

Question 9

In the following question, a statement/group of statements is given followed by some conclusions. Without resolving anything yourself, choose the conclusion which logically follows from the statement(s).

Three-fourths of the students consisting of 20 boys and 12 girls play badminton.

A

Girls are poor players.✓✗

B

Badminton is compulsory in this school.✓✗

C

One-fourth of the boys do not play badminton.✓✗

D

None of these✓✗

Explanation

There are 20 + 12 = 32 students, and three-fourths of them play badminton. None of the given conclusions follows from this: nothing is said about the skill of the girls, about badminton being compulsory, or about the boys separately.

Question 10

In the following question, a statement/group of statements is given followed by some conclusions. Without resolving anything yourself, choose the conclusion which logically follows from the statement(s).

Statement - One must work hard to score well in the examination.

A

Examination is not related with hard work.✓✗

B

All those who work hard, never score good.✓✗

C

Hard-working person is a stupid person.✓✗

D

Without hard-work one is bound to fail.✓✗

Explanation

The statement says hard work is a must for scoring well. So without hard work, one is bound to fail to score well.

Question 11

In the following question, a statement/group of statements is given followed by some conclusions. Without resolving anything yourself, choose the conclusion which logically follows from the statement(s).

Statement - All good books help and so will this one.

A

This is not the best book.✓✗

B

Bad books don’t help.✓✗

C

This is a good book.✓✗

D

Some good books do not help.✓✗

Explanation

The statement says that all good books help and that this one will help too. So this book is a good book.

Question 12

In the following question, a statement/group of statements is given followed by some conclusions. Without resolving anything yourself, choose the conclusion which logically follows from the statement(s).

Statement - All that glitters is not gold.

A

Non-metals also glitter.✓✗

B

Not all gems glitter.✓✗

C

Only diamond glitters.✓✗

D

There may be deception in glittering things.✓✗

Explanation

"All that glitters is not gold" means that not everything that shines is valuable, so there may be deception in glittering things. The other conclusions are not stated.

Question 13

In the following question, a statement/group of statements is given followed by some conclusions. Without resolving anything yourself, choose the conclusion which logically follows from the statement(s).

Statement - Oligopoly is characterised by presence of competition.

The 5G broadband services are provided only by Company X.

A

The X company is a corrupt company.✓✗

B

The X company is publicly owned.✓✗

C

The X company’s market is monopolistic.✓✗

D

The X company has many competitors.✓✗

Explanation

The statement says oligopoly is characterised by competition, while the 5G broadband services are provided only by Company X, so there is no competition. A market with a single provider is a monopoly, so the conclusion that Company X's market is monopolistic follows.

Question 14

In the following question, a statement/group of statements is given followed by some conclusions. Without resolving anything yourself, choose the conclusion which logically follows from the statement(s).

Statement - Ability is poor man’s wealth.

A

A rich man is always able.✓✗

B

A rich man does not have the ability to earn money.✓✗

C

A poor man is not always able.✓✗

D

A poor man can earn wealth if he has ability.✓✗

Explanation

The statement says that ability is the wealth of a poor man, meaning that a poor man can earn wealth through his ability. So the conclusion that a poor man can earn wealth if he has ability follows.

Question 15

People should be held accountable for their own behavior, and if holding people accountable for their own behavior entails capital punishment, then so be it. However, no person should be held accountable for behavior over which he or she had no control. Which of the following is the most logical conclusion of the argument above?

A

People should not be held accountable for the behavior of other people.✓✗

B

People have control over their own behavior.✓✗

C

People cannot control the behavior of other people.✓✗

D

Behavior that cannot be controlled should not be punished.✓✗

Explanation

The argument insists people should be held accountable for their own behavior, while also stating no one should be held accountable for behavior they cannot control. For both to hold together, people must have control over their own behavior.

Question 16

Statements: In Country X, heart disease is very common, while stomach ulcer is rare. But when people from Country X settle in Country Y, the rate of heart disease falls and the rate of stomach ulcer rises in the next generation. All this is related to lifestyle - the daily routine of the people in Country Y is different from that in Country X.

Conclusions:
I. The lifestyle of Country Y should be adopted in Country X.
II. Stomach ulcer is less dangerous than heart disease.

Which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements?

A

Only conclusion I follows✓✗

B

Only conclusion II follows✓✗

C

Either I or II follows✓✗

D

Neither I nor II follows✓✗

E

Both I and II follow✓✗

Explanation

The statement neither recommends the lifestyle of any of the countries nor compares the two diseases. So, neither I nor II follows.

Question 17

Statements: Cases of goitre are common among the villagers of the hill region, but when families move to the plains, the number of cases falls sharply within a generation. The doctors link this to the iodine content of the food and water in the two regions.

Conclusions:
I. The food and water of the plains differ from those of the hills in iodine content.
II. All the villagers of the hill region should be moved to the plains.

Which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements?

A

Only conclusion I follows✓✗

B

Only conclusion II follows✓✗

C

Either I or II follows✓✗

D

Neither I nor II follows✓✗

E

Both I and II follow✓✗

Explanation

The doctors link the change to the iodine content of the food and water of the two regions, so I follows. The statement does not suggest moving all the villagers. So only I follows.

Question 18

Statements: The college management had asked its teachers to submit a record of the extra tuitions they take, but the teachers' association has strongly opposed the move and no teacher has submitted the record.

Conclusions:
I. The teachers of the college do not take any extra tuitions.
II. The association wants the management to submit its own accounts first.

Which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements?

A

Only conclusion I follows✓✗

B

Only conclusion II follows✓✗

C

Either I or II follows✓✗

D

Neither I nor II follows✓✗

E

Both I and II follow✓✗

Explanation

Nothing about the extra tuitions of the teachers or about the reason for their refusal can be deduced from the statement. So, neither I nor II follows.

Question 19

Statements: The housing society had asked all the residents to pay the new maintenance charge, but the residents' committee has opposed it and no resident has paid it.

Conclusions:
I. The residents' committee does not agree with the new maintenance charge.
II. The residents cannot afford any maintenance charge.

Which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements?

A

Only conclusion I follows✓✗

B

Only conclusion II follows✓✗

C

Either I or II follows✓✗

D

Neither I nor II follows✓✗

E

Both I and II follow✓✗

Explanation

The committee has opposed the new charge, so it does not agree with it. I follows. The statement does not say that the residents cannot afford any charge. So only I follows.

Question 20

Statements: Regular inspection has become an essential part of the working of the food department. It is suggested that a reporting system be set up for all the markets. This is likely to show how the shopkeepers follow the rules and how well the inspectors do their work.

Conclusions:
I. All the markets should be inspected.
II. There is a need to check the work of the inspectors.

Which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements?

A

Only conclusion I follows✓✗

B

Only conclusion II follows✓✗

C

Either I or II follows✓✗

D

Neither I nor II follows✓✗

E

Both I and II follow✓✗

Explanation

According to the statement, the reporting of all the markets, and the checking of the shopkeepers and of the inspectors, is essential. So, both I and II follow.

Question 21

Statements: Safety audits have become a part of the planning of factories. It is recommended that a record system be introduced in every unit. This will give feedback on how safely work is done and how well the safety rules are followed.

Conclusions:
I. Safety in the factories needs to be checked regularly.
II. There is a need to check how well the safety rules are followed.

Which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements?

A

Only conclusion I follows✓✗

B

Only conclusion II follows✓✗

C

Either I or II follows✓✗

D

Neither I nor II follows✓✗

E

Both I and II follow✓✗

Explanation

The statement stresses the checking of safety in every unit and of how well the rules are followed. So, both I and II follow.

Question 22

Statements: The magazines for children carry a large number of cartoons and puzzles. Most of the television channels for children show mainly cartoon films.

Conclusions:
I. Children are not interested in their studies.
II. Children like cartoons and puzzles.

Which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements?

A

Only conclusion I follows✓✗

B

Only conclusion II follows✓✗

C

Either I or II follows✓✗

D

Neither I nor II follows✓✗

E

Both I and II follow✓✗

Explanation

Clearly, nothing about studies is mentioned in the statement, so I does not follow. Since the magazines and channels for children are full of cartoons and puzzles, it means that children like them. So II follows.

Question 23

Statements: The shopping apps for teenagers are full of offers on mobile covers and headphones. Most of the advertisements for teenagers also feature these items.

Conclusions:
I. All the teenagers own mobile phones.
II. Teenagers spend all their money on headphones.

Which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements?

A

Only conclusion I follows✓✗

B

Only conclusion II follows✓✗

C

Either I or II follows✓✗

D

Neither I nor II follows✓✗

E

Both I and II follow✓✗

Explanation

The statement says that the apps and advertisements feature these items, but nothing is stated about every teenager owning a phone or about how teenagers spend all their money. So, neither I nor II follows.

Question 24

Statements: The distance of 600 km by road between City A and Port B will be reduced to 350 km by a new rail link. This will lead to a saving of Rs. 5 crores per annum on fuel.

Conclusions:
I. Rail transport is cheaper than road transport on all routes.
II. The new rail link will reduce the distance between City A and Port B.

Which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements?

A

Only conclusion I follows✓✗

B

Only conclusion II follows✓✗

C

Either I or II follows✓✗

D

Neither I nor II follows✓✗

E

Both I and II follow✓✗

Explanation

According to the statement, rail is cheaper than road on this route between City A and Port B, not on all routes. So I does not follow. The statement says that the distance will be reduced from 600 km to 350 km. So II follows.

Question 25

Statements: A new canal will cut the distance for boats travelling between two towns from 120 km to 40 km. This will save a large amount of fuel for the boat operators.

Conclusions:
I. Travel by the canal between the two towns will use less fuel than the old route.
II. All the boat journeys should use canals.

Which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements?

A

Only conclusion I follows✓✗

B

Only conclusion II follows✓✗

C

Either I or II follows✓✗

D

Neither I nor II follows✓✗

E

Both I and II follow✓✗

Explanation

The statement says that the canal shortens the route and saves fuel, so I follows. The statement is only about the route between the two towns, and it does not say that all journeys should use canals. So II does not follow, and only I follows.