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Protocols - August 20, 2008, 17:00 pm by Rajmeet Ghai
What is NetBIOS protocol?
Answer
NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) Protocol allows
applications on separate computers to communicate over a LAN. It runs over
TCP/IP giving each computer in the network a NetBIOS name and IP address. E.g.
It can be used for computers running Windows 2000 (or before) to join a
computer network running Windows 2000 (or later).
What is IGMP protocol?
Answer
Internet Group Management Protocol, allows internet hosts to
multicast. i.e. to send messages to a group of computers. There may be a group
of internet hosts interested to multicast. IGMP allows router to determine
which host groups have members on a given network segment. It helps to
establish group memberships. It is commonly used for streamlining videos and
gaming. The protocol can be implemented both as a host side and router side.
The host side is responsible to notify its membership in a group. The
notification is made to a local router. This local router (router side) in turn
sends out queries.
Explain PPP protocol.
Answer
Point to Point protocol helps communication between 2 computers over a
serial cable, phone line or other fiber optic lines. E.g. Connection between an
Internet Service Provider and a host. PPP also provides authentication. PPP
operates by sending Request packets and waiting for Acknowledge packets that
accept, reject or try to change the request.
The protocol is also used to negotiate on network address or compression options
between the nodes. PPP has a number of phases as below:
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Link dead: - takes place when the connection fails.
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Link Establishment Phase: - Used to establish connection. If authentication is
desired, it moves to next phase.
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Authentication Phase: - Allows the nodes to authenticate each other.
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Network-Layer Protocol Phase: - here, the network control protocols come into
play. Data transport, closing of the protocols takes place in this phase.
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Link Termination Phase: - here, the connection is terminated.
What is TCP / IP protocol?
Answer
Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol: - It is a family of
protocols used for communication and connection between hosts on the internet.
It is the most widely used standard for transmitting data over the internet.
The four layers in the protocol are (from bottom to top):- Physical layer, Data
link layer, Network layer, transport layer and application layer, also called
as the OSI model. In TCP/IP , IP is responsible for forwarding packets while
TCP ensures the correct delivery of data from client to server. TCP detects
loss of data as well.
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