Gene for Development of Healthy Cerebellum Identified

Gene for Development of Healthy Cerebellum Identified

Researchers have found a gene required for proper development of a healthy cerebellum in the human brain. The cerebellum is a master control centre in the brain for control of fine and complex motor movements as well as balance. A specific gene known as Snf2h is vital for the development of the cerebellum.

Sportspersons and artists perform amazing feats based on the cerebellum. It is critical for daily tasks such as walking and eating which are performed by humans. The removal of the Snf2h has left the cerebellum smaller leading to difficulties in balance and refined movements.

The research study was led by Dr. David Picketts who is a senior scientist at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and professor at the University of Ottawa's Faculty of Medicine. The team has descrived the Snf2h gene found in the neural stem cells of the brain. This functions as a master regulator.

When this gene was removed early in ice, the cerebellum grew to only 1/3rd its normal size. There are also problems in walking as well as balance and coordination of movements. This is referred to as cerebellar ataxia that composes many neurodegenerative illnesses.

These cerebellar stem cells divide while they are on the journey for becoming specialised neurons. This master gene plays a role in deciding which genes are turned on and those that are packed away.

In the absence of the Snf2h to stay well organised, genes packed away should be left turned on while there is improper activation of other genes. This disorganisation within the nucleus of the cell results in a neuron which is not performing well. Picketts has likened this to a car running on 5 cylinders instead of 6.

This cerebellum also has about half the neurons found in the brain. This develops in response to external stimuli. So, as tasks are practiced, certain genes/groups of genes are switched on and off which strengthens the circuits and aids in the stabilisation of the task being conducted.

The researchers also discovered that the Snf2h gene involves this complex process. These master genes adapt to external cues for the adjustment of genes that are turned on and off. These are known as epigenetic regulators.

These epigenetic regulators also impact memory, learning and behavior. In the absence of Snf2h, there were not enough cerebellar neurons produced. The production of those that occurred are not associated with response and adaptation as well as external signals.

They exhibit a progressively disorganized gene expression profile that leads to cerebellar ataxia. This can lead to the premature death of the animal. This study was published in the journal entitled Nature Communications.