1) What is criticality in relation to Nuclear Power Plants and nuclear energy?
a. Nuclear reactor is showing signs of decreased nuclear activity
b. A sustainable and steady chain reaction is achieved
c. There is uncontrollable chain reaction within the nuclear reactor
d. The Nuclear reactor is malfunctioning in some way.
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: A sustainable and steady chain reaction is achieved
Explanation:
- When the atom-splitting reactor of a nuclear power plant is operating normally, it is said to be “critical” or in a state of “criticality.”
- When a reactor’s neutron population remains steady from one generation to the next (creating as many new neutrons as are lost), the fission chain reaction is self-sustaining and the reactor's condition is referred to as "critical".
- When the reactor’s neutron production exceeds losses, characterized by increasing power level, it is considered "supercritical", and when losses dominate, it is considered "subcritical" and exhibits decreasing power.
- Recently Kudankulam Unit-2 has attained first criticality.
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2) Nuclear Wastes are generated in which of the following forms?
1) Solid Form
2) Liquid Form
3) Gaseous Form
a. 2, 3
b. 1, 2
c. 1, 3
d. All of the above
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Answer
Explanation
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ANSWER: All of the above
Explanation:
- Nuclear waste in gaseous, liquid and solid forms is generated during operation & maintenance activities of nuclear facilities.
- Gaseous waste is treated at the source of generation. The techniques used are adsorption on activated charcoal and filtration by high efficiency particulate air filter.
- Liquid waste streams are treated by various techniques, such as filtration, adsorption, chemical treatment, evaporation, ion exchange; reverse osmosis etc., depending upon the nature, volume & radioactivity content.
- Solid Wastes are segregated and volume is reduced using various technologies like compaction and incineration. The solid/solidified waste is packaged in suitable containers to facilitate handling, transport and disposal.
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